Logical Volume Manager (LVM)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command however this is not an extensive list, make sure you look up the command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
With the pvs, vgs and lvs commands, the number of verboses added the more verbose information for example pvs -vvvvv<\/p>\n\n\n\n Logical Volume Manager (LVM) This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command however this is not an extensive list, make sure you look up the command. With the pvs, vgs and lvs commands, the number of verboses added the more […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-file-management","category-os-maintenance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=99"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100,"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions\/100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=99"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=99"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triosdevelopers.com\/J.Smith\/rjeffsmith.ca\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=99"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Directory and Files<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> Directories and Files<\/strong><\/td> ## Directories
\/etc\/lvm – default lvm directory location
\/etc\/lvm\/backup – where the automatic backups go
\/etc\/lvm\/cache – persistent filter cache
\/etc\/lvm\/archive – where automatic archives go after a volume group change
\/var\/lock\/lvm – lock files to prevent metadata corruption
# Files
\/etc\/lvm\/lvm.conf – main lvm configuration file
$HOME\/.lvm – lvm history<\/td><\/tr>Tools<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> diagnostic<\/strong><\/td> lvmdump
lvmdump -d
dmsetup [info|ls|status]
Note: by default the lvmdump command creates a tar ball<\/td><\/tr>Physical Volumes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> display<\/strong><\/td> pvdisplay -v
pvs -v
pvs -a
pvs –segments (see the disk segments used)
pvs attributes are:<\/strong>
1. (a)llocatable
2. e(x)ported<\/td><\/tr>scanning<\/strong><\/td> pvscan -v
Note: scans for disks for non-LVM and LVM disks<\/td><\/tr>adding<\/strong><\/td> pvcreate \/dev\/sdb1
## Create physical volume with specific UUID, used to recover volume groups (see miscellaneous section)
pvcreate –uuid \/dev\/sdb1
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-M2 create a LVM2 physical volume<\/td><\/tr>removing<\/strong><\/td> pvremove \/dev\/sdb1<\/td><\/tr> checking<\/strong><\/td> pvck -v \/dev\/sdb1
Note: check the consistency of the LVM metadata<\/td><\/tr>change physical attributes<\/strong><\/td> ## do not allow allocation of extents on this drive, however the partition must be in a vg otherwise you get an error
pvchange -x n \/dev\/sdb1
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>–addtag add a tag
-x allowed to allocate extents
-u change the uuid<\/td><\/tr>moving<\/strong><\/td> pvmove -v \/dev\/sdb2 \/dev\/sdb3
Note: moves any used extents from this volume to another volume, in readiness to remove that volume. However you cannot use this on mirrored volumes, you must convert back to non-mirror using “lvconvert -m 0”<\/td><\/tr>Volume Groups<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> display<\/strong><\/td> vgdisplay -v
vgs -v
vgs -a -o +devices
vgs flags:<\/strong>
#PV – number of physical devices
#LV – number of configured volumes
vgs attributes are:<\/strong>
1. permissions (r)|(w)
2. resi(z)eable
3. e(x)ported
4. (p)artial
5. allocation policy – (c)ontiguous, c(l)ing, (n)ormal, (a)nywhere, (i)nherited
6. (c)luster<\/td><\/tr>scanning<\/strong><\/td> vgscan -v<\/td><\/tr> creating<\/strong><\/td> vgcreate VolData00 \/dev\/sdb1 \/dev\/sdb2 \/dev\/sdb3
vgcreate VolData00 \/dev\/sdb[123]
## Use 32MB extent size
vgcreate VolData00 -s 32 \/dev\/sdb1
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-l maximum logical volumes
-p maximum physical volumes
-s physical extent size (default is 4MB)
-A autobackup<\/td><\/tr>extending<\/strong><\/td> vgextend VolData00 \/dev\/sdb3<\/td><\/tr> reducing<\/strong><\/td> vgreduce VolData00 \/dev\/sdb3
vgreduce –removemissing –force VolData00<\/td><\/tr>removing<\/strong><\/td> vgremove VolData00
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-f force the removal of any logical volumes<\/td><\/tr>checking<\/strong><\/td> vgck VolData00
Note: check the consistency of the LVM metadata<\/td><\/tr>change volume attributes<\/strong><\/td> vgchange -a n VolData00
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-a control availability of volumes within the group
-l maximum logical volumes
-p maximum physical volumes
-s physical extent size (default is 4MB)
-x resizable yes or no (see VG status in vxdisplay)<\/td><\/tr>renaming<\/strong><\/td> vgrename VolData00 Data_Vol_01
note: the volume group must not have any active logical volumes<\/td><\/tr>converting metadata type<\/strong><\/td> vgconvert -M2 VolData00
Note: vgconvert allows you to convert from one type of metadata format to another for example from LVM1 to LVM2, LVM2 offers bigger capacity, clustering and mirroring<\/td><\/tr>merging<\/strong><\/td> # the old volumes group will be merged into the new volume group
vgmerge New_Vol_Group Old_Vol_Group
Note: you must unmount any fielsystems and deactivate the vg that is being merged “vgchange -a n “, then you can activiate it again afterwards “vgchange -a y “, then perform a vgscan, dont forget to backup the configuration<\/td><\/tr>spliting<\/strong><\/td> vgsplit Old_Vol_Group New_Vol_Group [physical volumes] [-n logical volume name]<\/td><\/tr> importing<\/strong><\/td> vgimport VolData00
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-a import all exported volume groups<\/td><\/tr>exporting<\/strong><\/td> ## to see if a volume has already been export use “vgs” and look at the third attribute should be a x
vgexport VolData00
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-a export all inactive volume groups<\/td><\/tr>backing up<\/strong><\/td> ## Backup to default location (\/etc\/lvm\/backup)
vgcfgbackup VolData00
# Backup to specific location
vgcfgbackup -f \/var\/backup\/VolData00_bkup VolData00# Backup to specific location all volume groups (notice the %s)
vgcfgbackup -f \/var\/backup\/vg_backups_%s
Note: the backup is written in plain text and are by default located in \/etc\/lvm\/backup<\/td><\/tr>restoring<\/strong><\/td> vgcfgrestore -f \/var\/backup\/VolData00_bkup VolData00
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-l list backups of file
-f backup file
-M metadataype 1 or 2<\/td><\/tr>cloning<\/strong><\/td> vgimportclone \/dev\/sdb1
Note: used to import and rename duplicated volume group<\/td><\/tr>special files<\/strong><\/td> vgmknodes VolData00
Note: recreates volume group directory and logical volume special files in \/dev<\/td><\/tr>Logical Volumes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> display<\/strong><\/td> lvdisplay -v
lvdisplay –maps display mirror volumes
lvs -v
lvs -a -o +devices
## lvs commands for mirror volumes
lvs -a -o +devices
lvs -a -o +seg_pe_ranges –segments## Stripe size
lvs -v –segments
lvs -a -o +stripes,stripesize## use complex command
lvs -a -o +devices,stripes,stripesize,seg_pe_ranges –segments
lvs attributes are:<\/strong>
1. volume type: (m)irrored, (M)irrored without initail sync, (o)rigin, (p)vmove, (s)napshot, invalid (S)napshot, (v)irtual, mirror (i)mage
mirror (I)mage out-of-sync, under (c)onversion
2. permissions: (w)rite, (r)ead-only
3. allocation policy – (c)ontiguous, c(l)ing, (n)ormal, (a)nywhere, (i)nherited
4. fixed (m)inor
5. state: (a)ctive, (s)uspended, (I)nvalid snapshot, invalid (S)uspended snapshot, mapped (d)evice present with-out tables,
mapped device present with (i)nactive table
6. device (o)pen (mounted in other words)<\/td><\/tr>scanning<\/strong><\/td> lvscan -v
lvmdiskscan<\/td><\/tr>creating<\/strong><\/td> ## plain old volume
lvcreate -L 10M VolData00## plain old volume but use extents, use 10 4MB extents (if extent size is 4MB)
lvcreate -l 10 VolData00
## plain old volume but with a specific name web01
lvcreate -L 10M -n web01 VolData00
## plain old volume but on a specific disk
lvcreate -L 10M VolData00 \/dev\/sdb1
## a striped volume called lvol1 (note the captial i for the stripe size), can use -l (extents) instead of -L
lvcreate -i 3 -L 24M -n lvol1 vg01## Mirrored volume
lvcreate -L 10M -m1 -n data01 vg01
## Mirrored volume without a mirror log file
lvcreate -L 10M -m1 –mirrorlog core -n data01 vg01
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>
-L size of the volume [kKmMgGtT]
-l number of extents
-C contiguous [y|n]
-i stripes
-I stripe size
-m mirrors
–mirrorlog
-n volume name<\/td><\/tr>extending<\/strong><\/td> lvextend -L 20M \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>-L size of the volume [kKmMgGtT]
-l number of extents
-C contiguous [y|n]
-i stripes
-I stripe size
Note: you can extend a ext2\/ext3 filesystem using the “resize2fs” or “fsadm” command
fsadm resize \/dev\/VolData01\/data01
resize2fs -p \/dev\/mapper\/VolData01-data01 [size]
The -p option displays bars of progress while extendingthe filesystem<\/td><\/tr>reducing\/resizing<\/strong><\/td> lvreduce -L 5M \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01
lvresize -L 5M \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01
Note: rounding will occur when extending and reducing volumes to the next extent (4MB by default), you can use resize2fs or fsadm to shrink the filesystemfsadm resize \/dev\/VolData01\/data01 [size]
resize2fs -p \/dev\/mapper\/VolData01-data01 [size]<\/td><\/tr>removing<\/strong><\/td> lvremove \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01<\/td><\/tr> adding a mirror to a non-mirrored volume<\/strong><\/td> lvconvert -m1 –mirrorlog core \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01 \/dev\/sdb2Note: you can also use the above command to remove a unwanted log<\/td><\/tr> removing a mirror from a mirrored volume<\/strong><\/td> lvconvert -m0 \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01 \/dev\/sdb2Note: the disk in the command is the one you want to remove<\/td><\/tr> Mirror a volume that has stripes<\/td> lvconvert –stripes 3 -m1 –mirrorlog core \/dev\/VolData00\/data01 \/dev\/sdd1 \/dev\/sde1 \/devsdf1<\/td><\/tr> change volume attributes<\/strong><\/td> lvchange -a n \/dev\/VolData00\/vol01
Common Attributes that you may want to use:<\/strong>-a availability
-C contiguous [y|n]<\/td><\/tr>renaming<\/strong><\/td> lvrename \/dev\/VolData00\/vol_old \/dev\/VolData00\/vol_new<\/td><\/tr> snapshotting<\/strong><\/td> lvcreate –size 100M –snapshot -name snap \/dev\/vg01\/data01<\/td><\/tr> Miscellaneous<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> Simulating a disk failure<\/strong><\/td> dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sdb2 count=10<\/td><\/tr> reparing a failed mirror no LVM corruption<\/strong><\/td> ## check volume, persume \/dev\/sdb2 has failed
lvs -a -o +devices
# remove the failed disk from the volume (if not already done so) , this will convert volume into a non-mirrored volume
vgreduce –removemissing –force VolData00
## replace the disk physically, remember to partion it with type 8e
fdisk \/dev\/sdb
……..
## add new disk to LVM
pvcreate \/dev\/sdb2
## add the disk back into volume group
vgextend VolData00 \/dev\/sdb2
## mirror up the volume
lvconvert -m1 –mirrorlog core \/dev\/VolData00\/vol02 \/dev\/sdb2<\/td><\/tr>corrupt LVM metadata without replacing drive<\/strong><\/td> # attempt to bring the volume group online
vgchange -a y VolData00
# Restore the LVM configation
vgcfgrestore VolData00
# attempt to bring the volume grou online
vgchange -a y VolData00
# file system check
e2fsck \/dev\/VolData00\/data01<\/td><\/tr>corrupt LVM metadata but replacing the faulty disk<\/strong><\/td> # attempt to bring the volume group online but you get UUID conflict errors make note of the UUID number
vgchange -a y VolData00
vgchange -a n VolData00
## sometimes it my only be a logical volume problem
lvchange -a y \/dev\/VolData00\/web02
lvchange -a n \/dev\/Voldata00\/web02
## replace the disk physically, remember to partion it with type 8e
fdisk \/dev\/sdb
……..
# after replacing the faulty drive the disk must have the previuos UUID number or you can get it from \/etc\/lvm directory
pvcreate –uuid <previous UUID number taken from above command<\/strong>> \/dev\/sdb2
# Restore the LVM configation
vgcfgrestore VolData00
# attempt to bring the volume group online or logical volume
vgchange -a y VolData00
lvchange -a y \/dev\/VolData00\/web02
# file system check
e2fsck \/dev\/VolData00\/data01Note: if you have backed the volume group configuration you can obtain the UUID number in the backup file by default located in \/etc\/lvm\/backup or running “pvs -v”<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"