Back in 2020, Apple introduced the first Macs that used Apple Silicon processors instead of Intel ones, and this transition from Intel to Apple Silicon was completed earlier this year across Apple’s entire product line. While Apple promised they’d continue supporting macOS on Intel-based Macs for the near future, those of us who remember Apple’s previous transitions from M68k-to-PowerPC and PowerPC-to-Intel know full well that this support is going to end sooner than later. Even the last two versions of macOS have far fewer features when run on Intel Macs.

So, what does this mean for those of us who still have a fairly recent Intel-based Mac? It means that if you want to continue running the latest version of an operating system in the future, it won’t be macOS. That leaves Linux and Windows.

Linux installs normally on older Intel-based Macs, and with some extra work can also be installed on newer (2018+) Macs with a T2 security chip. However, installing Linux is often a bit too difficult for most Mac users, and Linux itself is an operating system that requires a bit more technical savvy compared to macOS and Windows (which is why it’s loved by those of us who work in tech).

When it comes to Windows, Apple fully supports running Windows 10 on most Intel-based Macs introduced after 2012, and also allows for secure boot. Unfortunately, they do not officially support the latest version of Windows (Windows 11) due to the hardware Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0 requirement that Macs simply do not have. Luckily, you can still install and run Windows 11 on your Intel-based Mac just fine if you bypass the TPM requirement (something that Microsoft allows for lab environments, such as a classroom). Running Windows 11 without a TPM only disables a few of the extra security features available within Microsoft Defender, leaving the vital ones intact. By installing Windows 11 on your Intel-based Mac, you’ll be able to run the latest Windows operating system from Microsoft alongside robust driver support from Apple.

Step 1: First install Windows 10 using the Boot Camp Assistant

The easiest (and fastest) way to install Windows 11 on an Intel-based Mac is to first install Windows 10 using the Boot Camp Assistant program that comes with macOS, and then overwrite that Windows 10 installation with Windows 11. Boot Camp Assistant will shrink your macOS volume and prepare the correct partitions and filesystems needed for Windows 11.

To do this, you need to download a Windows 10 ISO image from Microsoft. Next, you run the Boot Camp Assistant program, choose the Windows 10 ISO image, choose how much space to allocate to Windows, and then follow the prompts to start and complete the Windows installation. Following the installation, the Boot Camp Assistant also installs the Apple-specific Windows device drivers for your system. This entire process is detailed on Apple’s website here.

After you have Windows 10 installed on your Mac, you can press and hold the Option key (or Alt key if you use a Windows keyboard) during boot to select between Windows and macOS. Within macOS, you can choose the default operating system to boot within macOS System Settings (General > Startup Disk). You can also choose the default operating sytem to boot within Windows using the Boot Camp Control Panel, which you can start by clicking the Boot Camp icon in the notification area as shown here:

Step 2: Prepare a USB drive with Windows 11

After you have Windows 10 installed on your Intel-based Mac, you can now use it to create Windows 11 installation media. Navigate to Windows 11 download site in your browser and choose the option to create Windows 11 Installation Media. This will download and run a small program. When you execute this program, choose the options that will allow it to download and write Windows 11 installation media to a 8GB+ USB flash drive.

If your flash drive is USB-A and your Mac only has USB-C ports (e.g., a 2015+ MacBook), you may need to get a USB-C to USB-A (USB 3.0) adapter. Alternatively, you could get a USB-C to USB-A (USB 3.0) hub to provide multiple USB-A ports as shown here.

Step 3: Add Bootcamp drivers to USB drive

After you’ve created Windows 11 installation media on a USB flash drive, you must add the Apple device drivers from the Boot Camp Assistant to it. To do this, click the Boot Camp icon in the notification area and choose “Restart in macOS”. Next, reboot your system to boot into macOS.

Once in macOS, run the Boot Camp Assistant program again, but don’t progress through the wizard. Instead click the Action menu, choose “Download Windows Support Software”, then choose your USB flash drive as the save destination. This will download the Apple drivers for Windows 10 (which also work in Windows 11) to the same USB flash drive that contains the Windows 11 installation media. When this has completed, you can close Boot Camp Assistant and shut down your computer.

Step 4: Procure a USB keyboard and mouse (if necessary)

The Windows 11 installation program that we’ll start in the next step won’t have the drivers for a MacBook keyboard and trackpad or Apple Bluetooth keyboard or mouse until we install them manually following the Windows 11 installation. As a result, you’ll need to have a USB keyboard and mouse handy that you can plug into your Mac once the installation program starts to navigate through the Windows 11 installation process. As discussed in the previous step, you can use a USB-C to USB-A (USB 3.0) adapter or hub if your keyboard and mouse use a USB-A style connector instead of USB-C.

Of course, if you use a Mac that already uses a USB keyboard and mouse, then you’re all set.

Step 5: Install Windows 11 (bypassing TPM requirement)

Ensure that your USB keyboard, mouse, and flash drive are inserted in your Mac and then press and hold the Option key (or Alt key if you use a Windows keyboard) while powering on the system. At the boot selection screen, choose to boot from your USB flash drive to start the Windows 11 installation process. Note that you’ll need to use the USB keyboard and mouse during the installation process.

When you get the “This PC can’t run Windows 11” error message shown below (because your Mac lacks a TPM), you can easily bypass it using the following steps:

• Press Shift+F10 to open a command prompt and run regedit.exe to launch the Registry Editor.
• Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup
• Right-click on the Setup key in the left pane and choose New -> Key. Call this key LabConfig.
• Right-click the LabConfig key in the left pane and choose New -> DWORD (32-bit) Value. Call this value BypassTPMCheck.
• Right-click the LabConfig key in the left pane and choose New -> DWORD (32-bit) Value. Call this value BypassSecureBootCheck.
• Double-click both the BypassTPMCheck and BypassSecureBootCheck values and change the Value data from 0 to 1.
• Close the Registry Editor and command prompt windows.
• At the Windows setup screen with the error message, press the back button in the upper left and then click Next to continue installation normally.

Step 6: Install Bootcamp drivers

After Windows has installed, follow the prompts to create a user account and system options (location services, etc.). Once you get to the Windows desktop, open File Explorer and navigate to your USB flash drive (e.g., D:\), open the Windows Support\BootCamp folder and run Setup.exe to install the Apple device drivers. Reboot when finished. After you reboot, you should no longer need the USB keyboard and mouse.

Next, right-click Start and choose Device Manager. If you see unknown devices listed, right click each one in turn, click “Update driver”, select “Browse my computer for drivers” and navigate to the Windows Support\BootCamp folder on your USB flash drive to locate the correct driver. I had to do this for four devices on my system.

Step 7: Perform post-installation configuration

Next, you’ll want to perform some key Windows 11 post-installation configuration tasks, including:

• Connect to the Internet if you use Wi-Fi. You can either select the network icon in the notification area, or right-click Start, select System, and click “Network & internet”. If you have a wired Ethernet connection, you should be able to see your existing network configuration here.
• Activate Windows 11. To activate or check your activation status, right-click Start, select System, and then click “Product key and activation”. If you have a wired Ethernet connection, Windows 11 likely activated during the installation process.
• Perform updates. Right-click Start, select System, and then click “Windows Update”. Do not perform any optional driver updates as they could update an existing Apple device driver (I did this and had to reinstall the Apple drivers to get my sound back).
• Set your preferred display, keyboard,and trackpad settings. These can be configured in the Boot Camp Control Panel discussed earlier. For MacBook users, you’ll want to configure the right-click behaviour for the trackpad at minimum.
• Optionally customize your desktop wallpaper. To do this, right click your desktop and click Personalize, Background. If you like the macOS-style Windows wallpaper I use, you can download it here.
• Optionally move the Taskbar postition to the left of the screen (the default centered position in Windows 11 doesn’t provide for a consistent Start button location as items are added to the Taskbar). To do this, right-click the Taskbar, click Taskbar Settings, and choose Left from the “Taskbar behaviors” dropdown box.
• Verify security settings. Click the Windows Security icon in the notification area. In the “Device security” section, note that secure boot is enabled, but there is a warning next to “Security processor” indicating that a TPM is not available. Click Dismiss to remove that warning.

Step 8: Install and configure additional sofware

Finally, you’ll want to configure your system with the usual software you use. Most likely this will include Microsoft Office 365, Teams, and Steam. However, if you run virtual machines, you’ll want to install the Hyper-V feature, which requires you chose the Windows 11 Pro, Enterprise, or Educational edition during installation. If you develop web apps or manage Linux systems, you’ll likely want to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) feature and a Linux distribution. For example, to install Ubuntu Linux, you could run the wsl --install --distribution ubuntu command within a PowerShell window with Administrator rights.

The Windows 11 Enterprise N edition is a European version of Enterprise edition that omits the Windows Media Player and Media Feature Pack. If you chose this distribution during installation, you will get warnings from games and the Radeon control software about missing DLLs (e.g., MFReadWrite.dll and MFPlat.dll). In this case, you can install the Windows Media Player and Media Feature Pack manually afterwards. To do this, open a PowerShell window with Administrator rights and execute the Get-WindowsCapability -online | Where-Object -Property name -like "*media*" | Add-WindowsCapability -Online command.

That’s it - you now have the latest version of Windows running on your Intel Mac!